Optimization-Based High-Frequency Circuit Miniaturization through Implicit and Explicit Constraint Handling: Recent Advances

Miniaturization trends in high-frequency electronics have led to accommodation challenges the integration of corresponding components. Size reduction thereof has become a practical necessity. At same time, increasing performance demands imposed on electronic systems remain conflict with component miniaturization. On side, related handling design constraints are aggravated by high cost system evaluation, normally requiring full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis. Some these issues can be alleviated implicit constraint using penalty function approach. Yet, its depends arrangement factors, necessitating costly trial-and-error procedure identify their optimum setup. A workaround is offered recently proposed algorithms automatic adaptation factors different adjustment schemes. However, intricate strategies require continuous problem-dependent throughout entire optimization process. Alternative methodologies been taking an explicit approach handle inequality constraints, along correction-based control over equality conditions, combination which proves demonstrably competitive for some miniaturization tasks. Nevertheless, optimization-based miniaturization, whether or handling, remains computationally expensive task. reliable way reducing aforementioned costs incorporation multi-resolution EM fidelity models into procedure. Therein, principal operation based simultaneous monitoring such as quality satisfaction, well algorithm convergence status. This paper provides overview abovementioned size-reduction algorithms, theoretical considerations illustrated number antenna and microwave circuit case studies.